Exodus 39: The Making of Priestly Garments
Exodus 39 describes the completion of the priestly garments as commanded by God through Moses. This chapter highlights the craftsmanship and obedience of the Israelites in constructing the holy vestments, which were essential for Aaron and his sons to serve as priests. The garments, rich in symbolism and beauty, reflect God's instructions given earlier in Exodus 28.
1. The Sacred Garments (Exodus 39:1)
"And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses."
The chapter begins by reiterating that the Israelites made the priestly garments exactly as God commanded. The materials used—blue, purple, and scarlet cloth—symbolized heavenly authority (blue), royalty (purple), and sacrifice (scarlet). The obedience to God's design was crucial, as the garments set the priests apart for sacred duties.
2. The Ephod (Exodus 39:2–7)
"And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen."
The ephod, a vest-like garment, was skillfully crafted using gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine linen. Bezalel, the chief craftsman, was instrumental in shaping the gold into thin sheets and weaving it into the fabric.
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The ephod featured two onyx stones, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel (vv. 6-7).
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These stones were mounted in gold and attached to the shoulders, signifying that the high priest bore the nation before God.
This symbolized Christ, our High Priest, who carries His people before God.
3. The Breastplate (Exodus 39:8–21)
"And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod..."
The breastplate of judgment was crafted with the same materials as the ephod. It contained twelve precious stones, arranged in four rows, each inscribed with the name of an Israelite tribe.
The stones were:
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Sardius, Topaz, Carbuncle
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Emerald, Sapphire, Diamond
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Ligure, Agate, Amethyst
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Beryl, Onyx, Jasper
This breastplate was attached to the ephod by golden rings and blue cords. The Urim and Thummim, used for divine guidance, were likely placed within the breastplate. The high priest wore this to intercede for Israel, prefiguring Christ as our advocate before God (Hebrews 7:25).
4. The Robe of the Ephod (Exodus 39:22–26)
"And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue."
The robe was a long blue garment worn under the ephod. Around its hem were golden bells and pomegranates made of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
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Bells signified the priest's movement, ensuring he was alive while ministering in the Holy of Holies.
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Pomegranates symbolized fruitfulness and spiritual blessing.
This pointed to Christ's role as our High Priest, constantly interceding for believers.
5. The Other Priestly Garments (Exodus 39:27–29)
"And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons."
The coats (tunics), mitre (turban), and girdle (sash) were made of fine linen, symbolizing purity. The breeches (linen trousers) were also made, emphasizing holiness and modesty.
These garments reflected God's demand for righteousness and perfection in those who serve Him. Today, believers are called to holiness, clothed in the righteousness of Christ (Revelation 19:8).
6. The Holy Crown (Exodus 39:30–31)
"And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD."
The golden plate (attached to the high priest’s turban) bore the inscription "HOLINESS TO THE LORD". This served as a constant reminder that the priest was consecrated to God, carrying the sins of the people before Him.
For Christians, this foreshadows our calling to holiness (1 Peter 1:15–16). Christ, our High Priest, has made us a “royal priesthood” (1 Peter 2:9).
7. Completion of the Tabernacle Work (Exodus 39:32–43)
"Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation finished..."
The chapter concludes with the completion of the entire Tabernacle and its furnishings. The workers brought everything to Moses:
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The tent and its coverings
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The ark of the covenant and its poles
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The table of showbread
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The golden lampstand
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The altar of incense
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The altar of burnt offering
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The laver (bronze basin)
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The priestly garments
After inspection, Moses blessed the people for their faithfulness. This scene mirrors Christ’s approval of His faithful servants in the New Testament (Matthew 25:21).
Spiritual Lessons from Exodus 39
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Obedience to God’s Commands
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The Israelites followed God’s instructions precisely.
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True worship requires obedience, just as Jesus said, “If you love Me, keep My commandments” (John 14:15).
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Holiness and Consecration
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The priests' garments set them apart for God’s service.
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Believers today are called to be holy (Romans 12:1-2).
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Christ as Our High Priest
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Every aspect of the priestly attire points to Christ.
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Jesus is our mediator, interceding for us before God (Hebrews 4:14-16).
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Spiritual Adornment
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Just as the priests were clothed in holy garments, we are to be clothed in Christ (Galatians 3:27).
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Righteousness and holiness should be our daily attire.
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God’s Presence in Worship
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The completion of the tabernacle symbolized God dwelling among His people.
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Today, believers are the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19).
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Conclusion
Exodus 39 is a powerful chapter that highlights the Israelites' faithfulness in constructing the priestly garments and tabernacle. Every detail pointed to Christ, our perfect High Priest, and emphasized God’s desire for holiness in worship. Just as Moses blessed the workers for their obedience, so will God bless those who faithfully serve Him today.
This chapter teaches us the importance of obedience, consecration, and reverence for God’s presence. As we walk in holiness, clothed in Christ’s righteousness, we fulfill our calling as a “royal priesthood,” prepared for God’s service.
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