Deuteronomy Chapter 6: A Detailed Explanation
Introduction
Deuteronomy 6 is one of the most significant chapters in the Bible, especially in the Old Testament, as it contains the foundational principles of Israel’s faith and devotion to God. It emphasizes the importance of obedience, love for God, and the transmission of faith from one generation to the next. The chapter also includes the Shema, a central declaration of Jewish faith. Below is a detailed examination of this chapter, exploring its themes, theological implications, and practical applications.
Context and Background
Deuteronomy, meaning "second law," is a book where Moses reiterates God's laws to the Israelites before they enter the Promised Land. Chapter 6 follows a section in which Moses reminds Israel of the Ten Commandments (Deuteronomy 5). This chapter emphasizes the greatest commandment—to love God with all one’s heart, soul, and strength—and the necessity of teaching God’s commands diligently.
Verse-by-Verse Explanation
Verses 1-3: The Call to Obedience
"Now this is the commandment, the statutes, and the judgments which the LORD your God has commanded me to teach you, that you may observe them in the land which you are crossing over to possess." (v.1)
Moses begins by reminding the Israelites that God has given them commandments, which they are required to follow when they enter the Promised Land. Obedience to these commandments is not optional but is linked to God’s promise of blessing and prosperity.
"That you may fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments... that your days may be prolonged." (v.2)
The phrase "fear the Lord" does not mean terror but rather reverence and deep respect. Keeping God's commandments leads to prolonged life and well-being.
"Hear therefore, O Israel, and be careful to observe it, that it may be well with you..." (v.3)
Moses reinforces the idea that obedience to God’s law will result in prosperity. The land “flowing with milk and honey” is a metaphor for abundance and divine provision.
Verses 4-5: The Shema – The Greatest Commandment
"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one!" (v.4)
This verse is known as the Shema (from the Hebrew word "shema" meaning "hear"). It declares the oneness of God, which is fundamental to Jewish monotheism. This statement contrasts with the polytheistic beliefs of surrounding nations.
"You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength." (v.5)
This commandment emphasizes complete devotion to God. Jesus later referred to this as the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37-38). Loving God is not just an emotional sentiment but involves every aspect of one’s being—intellectual, spiritual, and physical.
Verses 6-9: Teaching the Next Generation
"And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart." (v.6)
God’s commandments should be internalized. True obedience begins in the heart, not just in outward actions.
"You shall teach them diligently to your children..." (v.7)
Parents have the primary responsibility for passing on their faith to their children. Teaching should be consistent, natural, and integrated into daily life—whether sitting at home, walking outside, lying down, or rising up.
"You shall bind them as a sign on your hand... write them on the doorposts." (vv.8-9)
These instructions were later interpreted literally by Jewish traditions in practices such as tefillin (phylacteries) and mezuzot (scripture portions placed on doorposts). Symbolically, they signify that God's word should guide actions (hands), thoughts (forehead), and homes (doorposts).
Verses 10-15: Warning Against Forgetting God
"So it shall be, when the LORD your God brings you into the land... houses full of all good things which you did not fill..." (vv.10-11)
God reminds Israel that their prosperity is a gift, not a result of their efforts. They must remain humble and grateful.
"Then beware, lest you forget the LORD who brought you out of Egypt." (v.12)
Comfort and abundance can lead to spiritual complacency. Israel must not forget God’s past deliverance.
"You shall fear the LORD your God and serve Him." (v.13)
Jesus later referenced this verse in response to Satan’s temptation (Matthew 4:10). Worship and service should be directed to God alone.
"You shall not go after other gods..." (v.14)
Israel must remain faithful to the one true God. The temptation to worship other gods was a real threat.
"For the LORD your God is a jealous God among you..." (v.15)
God’s "jealousy" refers to His exclusive claim on Israel’s devotion. He will not tolerate idolatry.
Verses 16-19: Do Not Test God
"You shall not tempt the LORD your God as you tempted Him in Massah." (v.16)
This refers to Exodus 17:1-7, where Israel doubted God’s provision. Jesus also quoted this verse when Satan tempted Him (Matthew 4:7).
"You shall diligently keep the commandments..." (v.17)
Faithfulness to God’s commands ensures His continued blessing and protection.
Verses 20-25: Teaching the Reason for Obedience
"When your son asks you in time to come, saying, ‘What is the meaning of the testimonies...?’" (v.20)
Children will naturally ask about their faith. Parents must be ready to explain the history of God’s redemption.
"Then you shall say... ‘We were slaves of Pharaoh... the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand.’" (v.21)
The Exodus story is central to Israel’s identity. Remembering God’s past acts strengthens faith.
"And the LORD commanded us to observe all these statutes... for our good always..." (vv.24-25)
Obedience is not merely a duty but is for the people’s benefit. Keeping God's laws leads to righteousness and blessings.
Theological and Practical Applications
Love for God Is Central – The Shema calls believers to wholehearted devotion to God, which is relevant for both Jews and Christians.
Faith Must Be Taught Diligently – Parents bear the responsibility of passing down their faith to their children.
Material Prosperity Should Not Lead to Forgetfulness – Success should not cause spiritual complacency.
Exclusive Worship of God – Idolatry, whether ancient or modern (e.g., money, power), must be avoided.
Obedience Brings Blessing – Following God’s commands leads to a fulfilling and righteous life.
Faith Is Based on God’s Redemption – Just as Israel remembered the Exodus, Christians remember Christ’s redemption through His death and resurrection.
Conclusion
Deuteronomy 6 is a powerful chapter that encapsulates the heart of biblical faith: love for God, obedience, and the responsibility to pass down faith. Its principles remain foundational for both Judaism and Christianity. By meditating on and applying these truths, believers can live lives that honor God and impact future generations.
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